Basic C Program With Explanation Pdf
Before getting started with C programming, lets get familiarized with the language first. C is a general-purpose programming language used for wide range of applications from Operating systems like Windows and iOS to software that is used for creating 3D movies. C programming is highly efficient. That’s the main reason why it’s very popular despite being more than 40 years old.
C Programs with Solutions. The third chapter provides with detailed program on next level to the basic C program. Fourth chapter focuses on C debugging.
Standard C programs are portable. The source code written in one system works in another operating system without any change.
As mentioned, it’s a good language to start learning programming. If you know C programming, you will not just understand how your program works, but will also be able to create a mental picture on how a computer works. More information on C Language. History of C programming. C is closely associated with Unix Operating system Development of Unix System The PDP-11 version of Unix system was written in assembly language. Assembly languages are low-level programming languages that are specific to a particular computer architecture. They are hard to write and understand.
The developers of Unix Operating system (including Dennis Ritchie and Stephen C. Johnson) decided to rewrite the system in B language. However, B couldn’t suffice some of the features of PDP-11, which led to the development of C. In 1972, the development of C started on the PDP-11 Unix system. A large part of Unix was then rewritten in C. By 1973, C was powerful enough to be used in Unix Kernel. Dennis Ritchie and Stephen C.
Johnson made further changes to the language for several years to make it portable in Unix Operating system. First Book on C Programming In 1978, the first book of C programming, was published. The first edition of the book provided programmers informal specification of the language. Written by Brian Kernighan and Dennis Ritchie, this book is popular among C programmers as 'K&R'. ANSI C With the rapid growth of C language for several years, it was time for language to get it standardized.
The first standard of C was published by American National Standards Institute (ANSI) in 1989. This version is commonly popular as C89. In late 1990’s, several new features like inline functions, several new data types and flexible array-members were added to the C standard. This is commonly known as C99. The C11 standard has new features like type generic macros, atomic operations, anonymous structures that doesn’t exist in C99.
All these three standards are also known by the name of ANSI C. “Standard C programs are portable”.
This means, the programs that follow ANSI C standard are portable among operating systems. If you are new to programming, it’s advisable to follow the standard (ANSI C in case of C programming) that is accepted everywhere. It will help you learn the language the way it was intended. Features of C Programming Language. A procedural language. In procedural languages like C, a list of predefined instructions are carried out step by step.
A typical C program may contain one or more procedures (functions) to perform a task. If you are new to programming, you might think this is the only way all programming languages work. However, there are other programming paradigms as well. One of the commonly used paradigms is Object-oriented programming (OOP) which allows developers to create objects to solve the given task.
If you are interested, check out the. C programs are fast.
Newer languages like Python and Java offer more features (garbage collection, dynamic typing) than C programming. However, the performance lowers due to additional processing. C language trusts programmers and allows direct manipulation of the computer hardware. This is not possible in most high-level programming languages. It’s one of the reasons why C is considered good choice to start learning programming.
Standard C programs are portable. “Write once, compile everywhere”.
Well-written standard C programs are portable, meaning, programs written in one system (e.g. Windows 7) can be compiled in another system(e.g. Mac OS) without any change. Use of Modularity. You can store sections of C code in the form of libraries for future use. This concept is known as modularity. C itself can do very little on its own.
The power of C language comes from its libraries. C comes with standard libraries to solve common problems. Suppose, you need to display something on the screen, you can include “stdio.h” library that allows you to use printf function. Statically typed language. C is a statically typed language. This means that the type of a variable is checked during the compile time but not in the run-time. This helps in detection of errors during the software development cycle.
Also, the statically typed languages are faster than dynamically typed language in general. General purpose. Despite being old, C is used in variety of applications from system programming to photo editing softwares. Some of the applications where C programming is used are as follows:. Embedded Systems. Operating System - Windows, Linux, OSX, Android, iOS. Databases - PostgreSQL, Oracle, MySQL, MS SQL Server.
Other Uses - Network drivers, Compilers, Print spoolers Should you learn C programming? If only it were possible to answer this question with a simple “yes” or “no”.
Unfortunately, it’s not an easy question to answer and varies from person to person. Personally speaking, I love C programming.
It is a good language to start your programming journey if you are a newbie. Even if you are an experienced programmer, I recommend you to learn it at some point; it will certainly help. What will you gain if you learn C? If you don’t know C, you don’t know what you are doing as a programmer.
Sure, your application works fine and all. But, if you can’t say why while (.s =.p); copies a string, you’re programming on a superstition.
C Programs Examples Pdf
( ’s words, not mine ). You will understand how a computer works. If you know C, you will not only know how your program works but, you will be able to create a mental model on how a computer works (including memory management and allocation).
You will learn to appreciate the freedom that C provides unlike Python and Java. Understanding C allows you to write programs that you never thought were possible before (or at the very least, you will have a broader understanding of computer architecture and programming as a whole). C is the lingua franca of programming. Almost all high-level programming languages like Java, Python, JavaScript etc. Can interface with C programming. Also, it’s a good language to express common ideas in programming. Doesn’t matter if the person you are talking with doesn’t know C, you can still convey your idea in a way they can understand.
Opportunity to work on open source projects that impact millions of people. At first, you may overlook the fact that C is an important language. If you need to develop a mobile app, you need Java (for Android), Swift and Objective C (for iOS). And there are dozens of languages like C#, PHP, ASP.net, Ruby, Python for building web application. Then, where is C programming? Python is used for making wide range for applications.
And, C is used for making Python. If you want to contribute to Python, you need to know C programming to work on Python interpreter that impacts millions of Python programmers.
This is just one example. A large number of softwares that you use today is powered by C. Some of the larger open source projects where C programming is used are Linux Kernel, Python Interpreter, SQLite Database. Another language that’s commonly used for large open source project is C. If you know C and C, you can contribute to large open source projects that impacts hundreds of millions of people.
You will write better programs. To be honest, this statement may not be true all the time.
However, knowing how computer works and manage memory gives you insight on how to write efficient code in other programming languages. You will find it much easier to learn other programming languages.
A lot of popular programming languages are based on C (and C, considered superset of C programming with OOP features). If you know C, you will get a head start learning C.
Languages like C# and Java are related to C and C. Also, the syntax of JavaScript and PHP is similar to C. If you know C and C programming, you will not have any problem switching to another language. Reasons not to learn C programming You can create awesome softwares without knowing C programming at all.
Jeff Atwood, one of the creators of Stackoverflow.com, apparently doesn’t know C and Stack Overflow is a really good web application. If you are busy and don’t want to invest time on something that doesn’t have direct effect on your day-to-day work, C programming is not for you. Also, if you are a newbie and want to start learning programming with an easier language (C is not the easiest of language to learn), you can start with Python. Verdict on whether to learn C programming or not For newbie: For many, C programming is the best language to start learning programming. However, if you want to start with an easier language which is clean and easier to grasp, go for Python. For experienced programmers: It’s not absolutely essential but there are perks of learning C programming. Don’t leave your current project immediately (I know you won’t) to learn C.
You can learn it when you have free time and want to expand your programming skills. I believe, it’s not necessary to learn C immediately. However, you should learn C eventually. Compile and run C programming on your OS.
Go to download page of. Click the download Xcode link. It’s recommended to download the latest version even if it’s in beta. When download is completed, open Xcode and follow the wizard to install it.
You might want to put the Xcode in Applications for future use. Then, open Xcode and go to File New Project. Under OS X section, choose Application, choose Command Line Tool and hit next. Provide the Product Name, for example: Hello. And, choose C under Language section. Then, click next.
Choose the location where you want to save the project in your Mac. You can uncheck Create Git repository button and click create. Navigate to main.c file in the screen where you can see default code provided by XCode. Change the code as you wish. And finally to run the code, go to Product Run or simply hit Cmd + R.
By default you will see the output at the bottom of your screen. Run C programming on Linux. To run C programming on Linux, you need:. a compiler. We’ll install GNU GCC compiler which is good for beginners. development tools and libraries.
a text editor (gEdit works just fine for our purpose). Or, you can download text editor of your choice. Here’s a step by step guide to run C in Linux (Ubuntu, Debian, CentOS, Fedora, Red Hat and Scientific Linux):. Open the terminal and issue the following command.
For Ubuntu and Debian distribution: $ sudo apt-get update $ sudo apt-get install build-essential manpages-dev For CentOS, Fedora, Red Hat and Scientific Linux: # yum groupinstall 'Development Tools' This installs GNU GCC compiler and related tools on your system. To verify if gcc compiler is installed, issue the command.
$ gcc -version If you get output similar like this, gcc is correctly installed on your system. Open the text editor of your choice and save a file with.c extension. I made hello.c file using gEdit. If you are a Linux wizard, feel free to use vim or emacs. Any editor is fine but, don’t forget to use.c extension; it’s important. Switch to the directory where the file is located. And, issue the following command.
Basics Of C Programming Pdf
$ gcc program-source-code.c -o name-of-your-choice Here, program-source.code.c is the filename you chose before. And, name-of-your-choice can be any name you prefer. In my case, I issued the following command. $ gcc hello.c -o hello. If there is no error, an executable file named is created; hello is my case. Finally, you can see the output using following command.
$./hello As you might have imagined, you need to use the name of executable file you chose before. Also, you need to use path to the execute file if you are in a different directory. Run C Programming in Windows (XP, 7, 8 and 10). To run C Programming in Windows, download a software called Code::Blocks. Then, write C code, save the file with.c extension and execute the code.
To make this procedure even easier, follow this step by step guide. Go to the official site.
Under Windows XP / Vista / 7 / 8.x / 10 section, click the link with mingw-setup (highlighted row) either from Sourceforge.net or FossHub. Open the Code::Blocks Setup file and follow the instructions ( Next I agree Next Install); you don’t need to change anything.
This installs the Code::Blocks with gnu gcc compiler, which is the best compiler to start with for beginners. Now, open Code::Blocks and go to File New Empty file (Shortcut: Ctrl + Shift + N). Write the C code and save the file with.c extension. To save the file, go to File Save (Shortcut: Ctrl + S).
Important: The filename should end with a.c extension, like: hello.c, your-program-name.c. To run the program, go to Build Build and Run (Shortcut: F9). This will build the executable file and run it. If your program doesn’t run and if you see error message 'can't find compiler executable in your search path(GNU GCC compiler)', go to Settings Compiler Toolchain executables and click Auto-detect.
Derivatives Basic Explanation
This should solve the issue in most cases. The fun begins: Your first C program. Learn C from Programiz Programiz offers to help you learn C programming from scratch. The tutorials are designed for beginners who do not have any prior knowledge of C programming (or, any other programming languages). Each tutorial is written in depth with examples and detailed explanation. Recommended Books in C Programming If you are serious about learning programming (any programming language including C), you should get yourself a good book.
Granted, reading a 600 page long programming book takes a lot of time and patience. But, you will get the big picture of programming concepts in the book which you may not find elsewhere. Here are 3 books we personally recommend.